Thawj ntu ntawm pob liab liab
1. Qhov sib xyaw thiab cov khoom ntawm cov xim liab
Cov hmoov txhuas liab tseem tseem hu ua cov hmoov txhuas txhuas thiab Zhangdan, thiab nws lub npe tshuaj lom yog taug txhuas tetroxide.
Cov tsos ntawm cov xim liab yog txiv kab ntxwv-liab hmoov, thiab qhov txheeb ze tau yog 8.6. Tom qab cov xim pleev xim tiav lawm, nws muaj cov nplaum ruaj khov thiab zais lub zog, thiab lub teeb nrig ntev ntev ua rau muaj kev sib kis zoo, ntawm cov txiv kab ntxwv mus rau Tsaus Ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead liab yog insoluble hauv dej thiab dej cawv, tab sis soluble hauv overheated alkali. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob acidic, nws ib nrab yaj tag los ua dej thiab ntsev, thiab qee qhov dej nag yog PbO2.
2. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov xim liab nyob hauv txheej xim
Cov xim liab tau muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj pleev xim. Nws tau siv los ua cov xim pleev xim tawm tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tshuaj pleev xim rau cov tshuaj pleev xim nrog cov roj linseed, uas muaj cov ntawv sau ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv xeb. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tsis xav tau rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, thiab nws tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo thaum nws pleev xim rau saum npoo nrog cov xeb pov tseg. Hongdan muaj cov ntsiab cai hauv qab ntawm kev coj ua
(1) Cov hmoov txhuas liab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam hauv thaj chaw anode thiab cathode thaj chaw, tab sis cov nyhuv no tsis cuam tshuam nws qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev kawm qib siab, tab sis feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm lattice ions.
(2) Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lead liab hauv cheeb tsam cathode yog kom rhuav tshem cov tshiab tsim hydrogen peroxide thiab inhibit lub npoo ntawm cov hlau los ntawm tsis muaj oxidizing.
Ntu 2 Hloov Barium Borate
Hloov barium metaborate yog ib hom tsis muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv xeb xim. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv xeb yog phosphate, molybdate, borate thiab iron oxides.
Modified barium metaborate yog cov hmoov dawb npaj los ntawm txheej barium metaborate nrog amorphous hydrated silica.
Los tiv thaiv xeb mechanism ntawm hloov barium metaborate
Cov tshuaj Alkaline tau siv los ua cov tshuaj pleev xim rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov tawv steel xeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no suav nrog amine hydroxide, ntau yam amines thiab hloov barium metaborate.
Kev siv cov barium sib pauv hloov kho hauv cov txheej txheej
Cov tshooj lus hloov Barium borate siv rau hauv kev lag luam txheej. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb muaj ntau txoj kev ua tau zoo. Hloov barium metaborate muaj kev tiv thaiv xeb, tiv thaiv pwm, tiv thaiv cov kab mob, tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm, nplaim taws rov qab, thiab lwm yam hauv txheej txheej. Muaj nuj nqi, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv xeb xim
1. Los tiv thaiv xeb nyhuv: siv hauv primer, muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv zoo
2. Los tiv thaiv pwm: cov kav ntev ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis thiab cov khoom dai kom zoo tau eroded los ntawm pwm thiab kab mob
3. Los tiv thaiv chalking nyhuv
4. Cov nplaim nplaim nyhuv: nplaim retardancy ntawm lub cev tau siv thawj zaug nyob rau hauv textiles thiab lwm yam txheej
Ntu Peb, Chromate Pigments
Cov hom xim no tau siv los ua cov xim xim thaum lawv thawj zaug. Piv txwv li, zinc chrome daj yog txiv qaub daj, uas yog lub teeb ntau dua kom sai thiab tiv taus hydrogen sulfide roj. Txij xyoo 1860, zinc daj thiab hlau xiav tau siv los tsim zinc ntsuab. Tab sis lub zog tinting thiab zais zog ntawm zinc chrome daj tsis zoo npaum li txhuas chrome daj.
Xyoo 1908, Heckel thiab Cushman tau qhia tias zinc chrome daj muaj qhov cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv xeb zoo li potassium dichromate. Lawv pom tau tias yog zinc chrome daj tau sib xyaw rau hauv primer, thaum dej nkag rau saum toj thiab nkag rau hauv qab txheej, nws tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm zinc chrome daj. Cov chromate ions txaus tuaj yeem hla dhau cov hlau saum npoo thiab tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho corrosion. Yog li no, cov xim chrome daj daj tuaj yeem siv dej txhawm rau txhawm rau chromate ions uas muaj cov dej ua kom tsis muaj zog. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias lub zinc chrome daj primer muaj cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv xeb.
Cov txheej txheem los tiv thaiv xeb ntawm zinc chrome daj tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab electrochemical nrog cov hlau. Passivation yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrochemical uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw cathode, yog li ntawd cov hlau ions thiab chromate ions (Cr+6) ua ib txheej txheej ntawm cov hlau oxide hydrate nyob rau saum npoo ntawm hlau. Hom chromate no tuaj yeem muab cov Chromate ions, tom qab tau tsim los rau hauv txheej txheej, muaj qhov cuam tshuam nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua xeb. Yog li no, hom xim xim no tau dhau los ua ib pawg loj ntawm cov xim xeb los tiv thaiv xeb;
, Cov hom tseem ceeb yog zinc chrome daj, strontium chrome daj, barium chrome daj thiab calcium chrome daj.
1. Zinc Chrome Daj
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm zinc chrome daj tsis tau txiav txim thaum pib. Vim tias zinc chromate (ZnCrO4) muaj cov dej loj loj, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ua cov xim ib leeg. Nws yuav tsum ua cov ntsev los yog cov ntsev sib tov nrog cov potassium chromate kom muaj xim. Xwm. Vim yog qhov sib txawv hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab cov txheej txheem npaj, zinc chrome daj xim nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv hauv cov khoom tuaj yeem npaj tau. Siv rau kev tiv thaiv xeb thawj thiab phosphating primer.
Zinc Chrome Daj tsuas yog siv los npaj ntau yam los tiv thaiv xeb. Lub hauv paus khoom siv ntawm phenolic resin tuaj yeem ua zinc zinc phenolic primer, thiab cov khoom siv dag ntawm alkyd resin tuaj yeem ua zinc zinc alkyd ci hom lossis ziab nws tus kheej kom qhuav.
Ib yam li ntawd, siv cov perchlorethylene cob, epoxy ester, thiab polyurethane cob ua cov khoom siv hauv paus, ntau hom zinc daj perchlorethylene primer, zinc daj epoxy primer, thiab zinc daj polyurethane primer tuaj yeem ua. Iron oxide liab xim feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm no hom ntawm primer. Qhov pib ntawv yog feem ntau zoo ib yam li cov hlau liab primer, tab sis vim yog lub zinc chrome daj tivthaiv, qhov cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv xeb tau ua kom muaj zog. Zinc chrome daj tau ua qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv xeb xim thib ob tsuas yog xim liab.
Ob, strontium chrome daj
Muaj ob hom barium chrome daj, ib qho tseem ceeb yog barium chromate, thiab lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog barium potassium chromate, uas yog cov sib txuas ntsev ntawm barium chromate thiab potassium chromate.
Peb, barium chrome daj
Muaj ob hom barium chrome daj. Ib qho tivthaiv loj yog barium chromate, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb yog barium potassium chromate. Nws yog ib qhov sib xyaw ntsev ntawm barium chromate thiab potassium chromate, ob qho tib si uas siv los tiv thaiv xeb xim.
Plaub, calcium chrome daj
Lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm calcium chrome daj yog calcium chromate (CaCrO4). Cov tsos yog txiv qaub daj hmoov.
Ntu Plaub, Zinc Phosphate
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pub xeb txwv cov khoom siv txwv tsis pub lawv vim lawv cov tshuaj lom, yog li tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj kuab lom rau cov xim xeb tau tsim, suav nrog phosphate series, borate series, molybdate series, hlau hmoov, hlau oxides, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tshuaj phosphate muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Los tiv thaiv xeb mechanism ntawm zinc phosphate
Muaj ntau lub tswv yim hais txog qhov los tiv thaiv xeb mechanism ntawm zinc phosphate. Xyoo 1963, Meyer tau npaj siab tias zinc phosphate tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj nrog carboxylic acid hauv cov txheej txheej. Nws ntseeg tau tias zinc phosphate maj mam sib cais ua phosphate ions sab hauv txheej, thiab cov xau phosphate ions react nrog cov hlau nto los ua cov nplaum nplaum Me-Zn. -P2O5 compound txheej zaj duab xis, hla lub hlau, lossis tsim cov txheej txheem ib qho chaw ntawm cov hlau saum npoo thiab cov xim pleev xim.
Kev siv cov phosphate zinc
Zinc phosphate yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm phosphate antirust pigments. Cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws ntseeg hais tias kev xaiv zinc phosphate los ntawm phosphate yog txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev nce qib, thiab txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam txheej.
Nws tuaj yeem tsim qauv nrog ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb. Zinc phosphate muaj qhov ntsuas qis tsis tshua zoo thiab muaj qhov ua kom pom tseeb, yog li nws yooj yim dua rau hauv cov xim pleev xim, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov xim ntxiv los tsim cov xim ntau yam. Zinc phosphate tau muab sib xyaw nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus, suav nrog cov tshuaj chlorinated roj hmab, epoxy resin nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nruab nrab roj alkyd thiab urethane resin.
Siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem dej-xim, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem los tiv thaiv xeb xim sib piv pom tau tias: feem ntau, qhov cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv xeb ntawm zinc phosphate tuaj yeem sib piv nrog cov xim liab thiab calcium lead acid, thiab nws tseem zoo dua rau cov hmoov txhuas liab. nyob rau qee qhov.
Zinc phosphate yog xim tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv xeb xim nrog kev ua kom zoo. Nws muaj cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm tib txheej. Zinc phosphate yog nyob nruab nrab thiab muaj kev sib txuam nrog txhua cov xim, yog li cov xim muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov xwm txheej zoo.
Zinc phosphate muaj qhov thaiv thiab cuam tshuam, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov nplai muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev nplaum zoo rau cov hlau. Ntxiv rau, zinc phosphate kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov ntawv luam yeeb cov ntaub ntawv.
Tshooj 5, Mica Iron Oxide
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm mica iron oxide yog hlau trioxide, uas hu ua mica iron oxide vim nws cov qauv flake zoo ib yam li mica. Nws cov muaju yog nplaim lossis phaj-zoo li, thiab cov tsos ntawm lub ntsej muag ci tag nrho yog tsis tu ncua hexagonal.
Txoj kev ntom ntom ntom no tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis los ntawm ultraviolet rays, thiab muaj huab cua tiv thaiv thiab xeb kuj. Mica iron oxide yog me ntsis etched los ntawm kua qaub nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm alkali, thiab tiv taus kom sov siab, thiab tsis hloov xim thaum tso rau 1000 ° C.
Ntu VI, Qib Kev Txhuas Ua Silicate Chromate
Txhuas txhuas silicate chromate yog ib hom kev sib txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais-ntxhais xim.
Lub inert SiO2 ntawm cov theem pib txhuas silicate chromate pigment tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv tus tub ntxhais, thiab nws txheej txheej saum npoo av yog yuav luag tag nrho ntawm cov txhuas. Qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov ntsev txhuas yooj yim thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm chromium trioxide ions ua rau nws ib yam tshiab Anti-xeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws dispersibility kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj ntau yam txheej txheem los tiv thaiv xeb ua tiav siab tiav.
Txhuas txhuas silicate chromate feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam txheej los npaj ntau yam steel hlau los tiv thaiv xeb. Cov xim muaj peev xwm siv tau ua ke nrog ntau yam xim ntxiv thiab tuaj yeem txuas nrog yuav luag txhua cov xim pleev xim, suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj pleev xim rau xim thiab dej ntxiv.
Cov xim muaj cov zoo li nram qab no: zoo heev durability, tsis kam xeb kuj, tsis tshua muaj xim, thiab lub teeb yuag, uas yog kev lag luam zoo dua. ,
Ntu VII, aluminium polyphosphate, zinc molybdate, zinc borate
Aluminium polyphosphate yog hmoov dawb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab, ntxig dej hauv dej, thiab nws cov txheeb ze yog 3.0 ~ 3.1.
Aluminium polyphosphate yog muaj kuab paug rau dawb, dawb, thiab xeb pov thawj xim zoo nkauj. Kev ntsuam xyuas dej ntsev qhia tau hais tias nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb yog qee lub sij hawm zoo dua li cov tshuaj txhuas liab, sib npaug nrog cov zinc daj, nws qhov kev ua kom ruaj khov thiab huab cua tsis kam yog qhov zoo, thiab nws tuaj yeem hais tau qhov zoo dua tsis muaj tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv xeb xim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhuas polyphosphate yog siv dav hauv cov roj kav dej, txuas hniav, tsheb nqaj hlau, nkoj, tsheb, khoom siv tshuaj, thiab kho kom zoo sab hauv thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv lub thawv txias tub yees thiab kev tsim kho emulsion xim.
Zinc molybdate (ZnMoO4) muaj 29% Zn, 42.6% Mo, 28.4% O, hmoov dawb. Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntshiab kuj tseem siv tau los tiv thaiv xeb pigments, tus nqi ntau dhau.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm zinc borate nyob rau hauv txheej pib pib thaum xyoo 1926. Nws tau siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Nws tsis tsuas yog txwv cov pa luam yeeb thiab nplaim taws rov qab zoo nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom los tiv thaiv xeb, tiv thaiv cov pwm thiab tawm tsam. Thaum nws tau sib xyaw nrog zinc phosphate, nws yog los tiv thaiv xeb Kev ua tau zoo tshaj li zinc phosphate lossis sib npaug rau zinc chrome daj. Nws yog qhov zoo uas tsis yog tshuaj lom los tiv thaiv xeb xim.
Ntu 8. Lwm yam phosphates thiab phosphorus-uas muaj cov tshuaj pleev xim rau xeb
Ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zinc phosphate los tiv thaiv xeb xim, tseem muaj ntau lub phosphate los tiv thaiv xeb xim nyob hauv kev txhim kho thiab daim ntawv thov, xws li chromium phosphate, barium phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, aluminium iron phosphate, aluminium zinc phosphate, calcium phosphate Zinc, zinc magnesium phosphate, zinc calcium silicate, calcium strontium silicate, thiab lwm yam.
1. Cov Hluav Taws Xob Chromium
2. Aluminium zinc tripolyphosphate thiab aluminium zinc phosphate
3. Multiphase Phosphate Cov Xim
4. Hydroxy zinc phosphite
5. Hlau Phosphide
Tshooj 9: Lead cyanamide thiab zinc cyanamide
Lub ntsiab raw khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj txhuas cyanamide yog calcium cyanamide (muaj qib qib cov kua qaub nitrogen) thiab txhuas ntsev.
Ntu 10, Ion Txauv Antirust Xim
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ion-txauv los tiv thaiv xeb xim yog calcium ion uas muaj zeolite lossis amorphous silica gel, yog li nws tseem hu ua Ca / SiO2 xim xim.
Cov epoxy resin primer ua los ntawm silica gel hom ion pauv xim thiab epoxy ester resin muaj dej zoo ntsev tsis kam, thiab nws tsis qis dua mus rau zinc daj epoxy ester primer.
Ntu 11, iav plaub ya ri
Zoo ib yam li mica iron oxide, iav plaub ya ri tuaj yeem tuaj yeem raug suav tias yog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv corrosion xim. Nws muaj nuj nqi nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Cov txheej pleev tau ua nrog nws raug teem hauv txheej txheej vim tias cov iav flakes muaj txheej txheem ntawm zoo, uas yuav ua rau sab hauv noo noo thiab oxygen kom corrode. Kev sib daj sib deev yog qhov cuam tshuam thaum lawv nkag mus rau cov xim pleev xim kom tiv thaiv cov txheej av.
Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov iav ya raws muaj ob hom: nruab nrab-alkali iav thiab tsis-alkali iav. Nruab nrab-alkali iav tseem hu ua tshuaj lom neeg iav (C iav), uas tiv taus cov kua qaub; alkali-dawb iav, tseem hu ua hluav taws xob iav (E iav), muaj hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm ob yog tias cov khoom xyaw yog qhov sib txawv, raws li qhia hauv Table 8-10.
Sib piv cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov iav nruab nrab-alkali thiab iav dawb-alkali
Los tsim cov iav flakes, thawj zaug ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau lub khob rau qhov cub rau qhov siab-siab melting raws li txoj cai tau teev tseg, mechanically tshuab lub khob kom yaj mus rau hauv iav spheres nrog zaj duab xis tuab ntawm tsuas 2 ~ 5 µm, thiab zom lawv mus rau hauv cov plaub ya ri tom qab txias. Tom qab kev faib tawm, tuab yog feem ntau 2 ~ 5 µm, qhov loj me me yog 0.2 ~ 3 hli, thiab kev kho saum npoo yog ua nrog tus neeg ua haujlwm silane txuas ntxiv, uas yog cov khoom tiav.
Tsoos iav tshuab thev naus laus zis tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuab tawg rau hauv cov iav nyias nyias, uas tau tawg thiab hauv av rau iav flakes. Siv cov qauv no, iav flakes uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tus nqi qis heev, tab sis cov zis muaj tsawg, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam loj.
Cov iav flakes tuaj yeem tsim tau nrog ntau cov resins kom ua tuab-ua cov txheej txheem hnyav tiv thaiv xeb, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam txheej txheem los tiv thaiv xeb los daws teeb meem engineering xeb. Epoxy asphalt xim tsim muaj cov iav flakes tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej nruab nrab ntawm cov xim hnyav ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ua tiav kom ua tiav zoo los tiv thaiv xeb.
